INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY - 2027/8

Module Overview

Quantum technologies exploit quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to enable new classes of devices, including quantum computers, sensors, clocks, and imaging systems. Understanding these technologies requires an appreciation of both the underlying quantum physics and the practical constraints of real physical systems.
This module provides an introduction to quantum technology from a physical and hardware-oriented perspective. It introduces the essential concepts of quantum physics needed to understand quantum devices, and explores how different physical systems can be engineered to act as qubits. Emphasis is placed on comparing quantum technology platforms, understanding their limitations, and assessing their suitability for different applications.

Module provider

Mathematics & Physics

Module Leader

MURDIN Benedict (Maths & Phys)

Number of Credits: 15

ECTS Credits: 7.5

Framework: FHEQ Level 6

Module cap (Maximum number of students): N/A

Module Availability

Semester 1

Prerequisites / Co-requisites

N/A

Module content

Part A: Foundations of Quantum Physics and Quantum Dynamics
This part develops the quantum-mechanical foundations required to understand quantum technologies. It begins with waves, superposition, and interference, using classical wave phenomena to motivate the description of quantum states. The probabilistic nature of quantum measurement is introduced, together with uncertainty, complementarity, and measurement back-action.
Physical observables are then described using the matrix operator formalism, allowing expectation values and statistical distributions of measurement outcomes to be defined. The concepts of eigenvalues and eigenstates are introduced as the possible outcomes and associated states of physical measurements, with particular emphasis on stationary states and their physical significance. The Schrödinger equation is presented as a framework for quantum dynamics, linking time evolution to controlled manipulation of quantum states and laying the groundwork for understanding real quantum devices.

Part B: ¿How to Make a Qubit¿
This part focuses on how quantum-mechanical principles are realised in physical systems used for quantum technologies. Criteria for building scalable quantum devices are introduced, together with a comparative discussion of different physical platforms used to implement quantum states, such as trapped ions, photonic systems, semiconductor spins, superconducting circuits, and solid-state defect centres.
Methods for controlling quantum states using external fields are discussed, alongside the impact of noise, decoherence, and imperfect control on device performance. Strategies for mitigating errors and achieving scalability are introduced from a hardware perspective. The part also considers quantum technologies beyond computing, including sensing, metrology, and precision measurement, emphasising the practical constraints that shape real-world quantum systems.

Assessment pattern

Alternative Assessment

None.

Assessment Strategy

The assessment strategy is designed to allow students to demonstrate: 

• Understanding of fundamental quantum physics concepts relevant to technology 
• Ability to compare and evaluate different quantum technology platforms 
• Awareness of practical limitations imposed by real physical systems 
• Ability to interpret current research and technological developments

The Intro to Quantum Physics open book on line test will assess Learning Outcomes LO6 and LO7. The How to Make a Qubit open book on line test will assess Learning Outcomes LO6 and LO7. The Exam will assess Learning Outcomes LO1-5.

Module aims

• To develop a foundational understanding of the quantum mechanical principles that underpin modern quantum technologies.
• To introduce how quantum states are physically realised and controlled in different technological platforms, and the challenges involved in building practical quantum devices.
• To enable students to evaluate and compare quantum technology systems and their suitability for real-world applications.

Learning outcomes

Methods of Teaching / Learning

Learning and teaching methods include:
¿ Lectures introducing theoretical and physical concepts
¿ Tutorials focused on qualitative analysis and problem-solving
¿ Discussion of recent experimental and technological advances

Indicated Lecture Hours (which may also include seminars, tutorials, workshops and other contact time) are approximate and may include in-class tests where one or more of these are an assessment on the module. In-class tests are scheduled/organised separately to taught content and will be published on to student personal timetables, where they apply to taken modules, as soon as they are finalised by central administration. This will usually be after the initial publication of the teaching timetable for the relevant semester.

Reading list

https://readinglists.surrey.ac.uk
Upon accessing the reading list, please search for the module using the module code: PHY3078

Other information

This module enhances students¿ understanding of emerging quantum technologies and their real-world constraints, supporting employability in quantum hardware, sensing, and advanced technology sectors.

Please note that the information detailed within this record is accurate at the time of publishing and may be subject to change. This record contains information for the most up to date version of the programme / module for the 2027/8 academic year.