TRANSFER PROCESSES - 2022/3

Module Overview

Mass Transfer: Mass transfer is essential knowledge for chemical engineers, governing the underlying operations in many industrial processes involving, for example, separation and reaction. The purpose of the module is to introduce students to mechanistic and semi-empirical descriptions of mass transfer, and to apply such understanding to the design of process such as gas absorption and drying.

Fluid mechanics: The main part of the syllabus concentrates on developing the student’s understanding of internal flows. Knowledge of turbulent flow is extended by the introduction of the Universal Velocity Profile. Furthermore, more complex flows, which may include multiple phases or compressibility, are introduced.  The issues of drag and terminal velocity of particles is tackled and the features and flow of some non-Newtonian fluids discussed.

A short introduction is given on the simulation of real-life Mass-Transfer and Fluid Mechanics problems using commercial software.

Module provider

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

Module Leader

CHEN Tao (Chst Chm Eng)

Number of Credits: 15

ECTS Credits: 7.5

Framework: FHEQ Level 5

Module cap (Maximum number of students): N/A

Module Availability

Semester 2

Prerequisites / Co-requisites

None

Module content

Indicative content includes:

Mass Transfer

Introduction to mass transfer

• Molecular diffusion: Fick's law


• General case of diffusion with bulk (convective) flow


• Stefan's law


• Diffusivity determination and prediction


• Mass transfer coefficients; mass transfer correlations


• Momentum, heat and mass transfer analogies; J-factor analogy

Mass transfer across interfaces

• Whitman two-film theory


• Gas-liquid equilibria; Henry's law


• Overall driving force and overall mass transfer coefficients


• Film control and design implications

Absorber and stripper design

• Industrial processes: staged vs. continuous contact equipment


• Hydrodynamic considerations: loading, flooding, pressure drop


• Absorber / stripper design equations: height and number of gas-transfer units; graphical and analytical solutions


• Other contact configurations: well-mixed flow; co-current flow; extension of concepts to liquid-liquid systems

Diffusion in solids

• Pore diffusion: molecular, Knudsen, configurational


• Effective diffusivity


• Diffusion through non-porous solids; membranes

Drying of particulate solids

• Drying principles, mechanisms and drying terminology


• Type of dryers; for solids, pastes, solutions, and slurries


• Drying rate curves and kinetics


• Characterisation of wet gas streams: humidity definitions; humid heat; enthalpy; humid volume; adiabatic saturation and wet-bulb temperatures; psychrometric ratio; psychrometric charts


• Basic design of dryers and drying time


• Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in dryers

 

Fluid Mechanics

Turbulent flow in a pipe

• Revision of 1/7th power law


• The universal velocity profile.


• Eddy viscosity and its link to eddy diffusivity


• Mixing of fluids

Two phase gas-liquid flow in pipes

• Flow pattern maps in horizontal and vertical flow


• Pressure differences (incl. Method of Lockhart and Martinelli)

Equipment for pumping gases

• Types and their characteristics


• Reminder of inter-cooling


• Surge and recycle

Compressible flow of gases

• Reminder of basic equations (Continuity, Ideal Gas law, adiabatic equations, steady flow energy equation)


• Isothermal compressible flow in pipelines (density changes, speed of sound, choking)


• Isentropic compressible flow through valves (density changes, speed of sound, choking, existence of shock waves). How to predict whether a valve is choked. Calculation of relief valve capacity


• When is a flow likely to be isothermal or isentropic? Mention of polytropic flows.


• Brief discussion of convergent-divergent nozzles.

Terminal velocity

• Drag coefficients for a sphere


• Force balance for a sphere in free fall


• Equations for terminal velocity

Non-Newtonian Fluids including Colloids

• Types of non-Newtonian behaviour


• Van der Waals’ forces and colloidal rheology


• Internal flow of non-Newtonian fluids

Assessment pattern

Alternative Assessment

N/A

Assessment Strategy

The assessment strategy is designed to provide students with the opportunity to demonstrate the full range of learning outcomes though the balanced mixture of lecture and tutorial/problem classes coupled with the carefully graded tutorial problems which reflect current industrial practice.

Thus, the summative assessment for this module consists of:

• Examination – 80% (weighted 48% to Mass Transfer and 32% to Fluid Mechanics), 2 hours (LO1 – LO9)


• Coursework – 20% (Mass Transfer). Absorption column/dryer design calculations (LO2/LO5).

Formative assessment

• Mass transfer class test (LO1, LO2, LO4, LO5)


• Randomised multiple choice tests on SurreyLearn (LO6, LO7, LO8)

Feedback

• Weekly verbal feedback during tutorial classes (LO1 – LO9)


• Written feedback on Coursework (LO2)


• Verbal feedback at the end of the formative class test (LO1, LO2, LO4, LO5)

Module aims

• Introduce the key concepts of mass transfer operations in Chemical Engineering, with a specific focus on gas-liquid and gas-solid systems.
• Provide the knowledge and skills to undertake the specification and design of absorption columns (i.e. continuous diffusional contact devices).
• Provide the knowledge and skills to undertake the specification and design of drying operations.
• Provide students further and deeper understanding of fluid flows in Chemical Engineering.

Learning outcomes

Methods of Teaching / Learning

The learning and teaching strategy is designed to:

• Carefully cover in lectures the necessary fundamental material and analytical techniques, and demonstrate concepts with appropriate (and where possible practical) examples


• Allow students adequate time to practice the techniques using a large number of carefully selected tutorial problems.

The learning and teaching methods include:

• Lectures                                    1 hour per week for 11 weeks


• Tutorial/Problem Classes         1 hour per week for 11 weeks


• Independent learning                8 hours per week for 12 weeks (average)

Indicated Lecture Hours (which may also include seminars, tutorials, workshops and other contact time) are approximate and may include in-class tests where one or more of these are an assessment on the module. In-class tests are scheduled/organised separately to taught content and will be published on to student personal timetables, where they apply to taken modules, as soon as they are finalised by central administration. This will usually be after the initial publication of the teaching timetable for the relevant semester.

Reading list

https://readinglists.surrey.ac.uk
Upon accessing the reading list, please search for the module using the module code: ENG2109

Programmes this module appears in

Please note that the information detailed within this record is accurate at the time of publishing and may be subject to change. This record contains information for the most up to date version of the programme / module for the 2022/3 academic year.